Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-7-2019

Comments

Initially published in Physical Review D, February 2019, Vol. 99(4), pp. 045003-1-12

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

DOI: 10.1103

https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.045003

Abstract

Many current models which “violate Lorentz symmetry” do so via a vector or tensor field which takes on a vacuum expectation value, thereby spontaneously breaking the underlying Lorentz symmetry of the Lagrangian. To obtain a tensor field with this behavior, one can posit a smooth potential for this field, in which case it would be expected to lie near the minimum of its potential. Alternately, one can enforce a nonzero tensor value via a Lagrange multiplier. The present work explores the relationship between these two types of theories in the case of vector models. In particular, the naïve expectation that a Lagrange multiplier “kills off” 1 degree of freedom via its constraint does not necessarily hold for vector models that already contain primary constraints. It is shown that a Lagrange multiplier can only reduce the degrees of freedom of a model if the field-space function defining the vacuum manifold commutes with the primary constraints.

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